Key Takeaways
ARTICLE I Employers’ Guide to Controlling High-Cost Healthcare Treatments & Conditions
Rising costs have been a chronic condition of the US healthcare system for decades, with out-of-pocket expenses adjusted for inflation approximately doubling over the last 50 years.
Given that employers have largely been bearing the brunt of these increases while covering between about 67% and 85% of employee and employee family healthcare costs depending on the plan, it is especially understandable why many employers have been expressing an increasing urgency to get these costs under control.
As is often the case, however, better controlling healthcare costs is a task much more easily said than done, but one often overlooked place to find savings is improved management of particularly high-cost conditions, procedures, and pharmaceuticals, which are eating up an increasing proportion of employer healthcare budgets but also provide an opportunity for employers to make small changes that can have big, positive impacts on their bottom line.
While there is no set definition of where to draw the line between regular health insurance claims and high-cost claims, just about half of surveyed employers (44%) define high-cost claims as those that cost $100 thousand or more.
According to data from Sun Life, between 2019 and 2022 there was an 87% chance that an employer would encounter a claim so expensive that it exceeded the threshold triggering stop-loss insurance in any given year.
An even greater proportion of employers (94%) expect to see an increase in high-cost claims over the next 3 years and 84% view high-cost treatments as a threat to their business, which are reasonable forecasts given that the number of health plan claims of $3 million or more than doubled between 2016 and 2020, and that was before the healthcare system absorbed the COVID shock and the associated spike in inflation.
According to the National Alliance of Healthcare Purchaser Coalitions, the cost of high-cost treatments was up 4.4% over the year in 2024, climbing to an average expense of about $421 thousand - an average that is in part inflated by extremely high-cost new treatments/technologies (i.e. ~$7 million gene therapy) as well as the longevity-increasing impacts of improved treatments/technologies that can abate chronic conditions over longer periods of time (e.g. $60 thousand per month cancer drugs).
Perhaps most concerning, high-cost claims are on the rise among the younger demographics which employers and insurers rely upon to pay more into the system than they take out in order for the system to remain solvent.
Historically, only 1.2% of plan members are high-cost claimants, but they cost about 29 times more than the average plan member, amounting to an average annual expense per high-cost claimant of about $122 thousand.

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Over the last 4 years, the conditions that have resulted in the greatest number of high-cost claims include malignant neoplasm, cardiovascular system issues, cancer, prenatal/neonatal care, musculoskeletal problems, respiratory issues, sepsis, gastrointestinal conditions, neurological problems, and urinary/kidney diseases.
The list grows even smaller when looking at the types of conditions/treatments responsible for the largest number of $1 million plus claims, such as sepsis, cancer, prenatal/neonatal, and cardiovascular disease.

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There is little doubt among either experts or casual observers that there are systemic issues within the US healthcare system that will require system-wide solutions.
Individual employers - even those of substantial size - only have so much influence over rising healthcare costs that often seem more akin to a runaway train car than a properly functioning public and private health network.
Too often, however, employers misconstrued this limited control as though it were no control, which is when the train really starts picking up enough speed to jump the tracks.
In reality, there are many things that employers can be doing to exercise greater cost controls over their healthcare expenditures - and that is especially true for the highest-cost ticket items.
While employers historically have depended on the assistance of third-party administrators and pharmacy benefit managers to handle claims above a certain threshold, with these costs continuing to climb and no systemic relief currently in sight, forward-looking employers might be wise to take a more proactive approach in holding service providers to account and exploring cost-sharing approaches that don’t compromise quality of care.
There is no one solution to the high-cost claim issue, nor is there a one-size-fits-all solution that can be replicated and reapplied from one high-cost claim to the next, but there are many solutions - often starting with better data collection - that together can be form-fitted to cover the high-cost claim exposure of any given employer that recognizes the value of doing so, which will be an increasing number of employers as net costs for high-cost treatments keep rising.